Esther González-Martínez

González-Martínez, E., V. Markaki, F. Bovey (2016), "'Demandes régime dernière minute' lors de conversations téléphoniques infirmière-diététicienne", pp. 83-110 in K. Stroumza, H. Messmer (eds.), Langage et savoir-faire. Des pratiques professionnelles du travail social et de la santé passées à la loupe, Genève, Editions IES.

Video-based communication has become a common way of interacting with remote interlocutors, whether through complex videoconferencing systems or webcams integrated into consumer technologies. Ethnomethodology and conversation analysis (EM/CA) are sociological approaches that have been influential in Human–Computer Interaction for nearly three decades due to their focus on the situated organization of practical activities. In this article, we present a state-of-the-art review of empirical research on video-mediated social interaction studied from the perspective of EM/CA. We put forward an original organization of the findings on the interplay of talk, bodily behavior and spatial and material resources. The review underscores the ways in which technology enables and constrains interaction, shaping familiar and novel social activities. We also propose directions for future research and systems design.

Cette étude porte sur des séances de travail entre un enseignant spécialisé et un ensei-gnant généraliste qui collaborent dans le cadre d'une classe inclusive. Les enseignants nous ont procu-ré des enregistrements audio de leurs séances et accepté de participer à des entretiens individuels sur celles-ci. L' analyse conversationnelle de la séance montre que les enseignants préparent des activités éducatives en justifiant leurs propositions. Ils confrontent leurs connaissances et expériences ainsi que leurs évaluations des compétences des élèves et de la difficulté des tâches. En échangeant, ils tissent un espace de déploiement de la réflexivité dans et sur l' action professionnelle. L' analyse de contenu de l' entretien confirme ces résultats et permet d' expliciter des réponses des enseignants mis au défi de la classe inclusive. Ces éléments peuvent contribuer à une planification efficace des échanges entre acteurs éducatifs dans le but de dépasser les évaluations qui sur-ou sous-estiment leurs compétences et permettre un alignement réciproque en classe inclusive. Mots-clés: Enseignant, classe inclusive, séance de travail, réflexivité.

This article describes interactional features of an interrogation method that is used by law enforcement and private security companies in the US known as the ‘soft accusation’ method. We demonstrate how the method, in contrast to the more common ‘story solicitation’ method, makes use of a ‘telling about oneself’ activity to actually suppress a subject’s talk by setting up and maintaining an exceptionally long turn by the interrogator. This turn not only constrains subjects’ speaking contributions to the issuing of continuers and acknowledgments, and, as such, their opportunities to challenge or resist, but, based as it is on ‘telling about oneself’, re-organizes the knowledge differential to one in which it is the interrogator rather than the subject who has primary epistemic rights of disclosure. We provide an overview of interactional problems associated with the story solicitation method and then consider how the soft accusation method is designed to counter them, particularly via practices of informing and describing that are associated with the activity of ‘telling about oneself’. As we show, these practices make use of techniques of elaboration that provide a resource for turn expansion, as well as for seamless topical movement that works to positively align the subject to the interrogator’s talk and, thus, to smooth the interactional pathway to the subject’s admission of guilt.

The telephone is a central tool for the coordination of care in hospitals between the general wards and intensive care. Calls are short and frequent. They concern a wide variety of issues handled in parallel with other activities. This research, carried out by a Swiss team, examines the practices of telephone communication in hospitals.